SPHINGIDAE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Sources and acknowledgements

  • Home
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    • Macroglossinae >
      • Aellopos >
        • Aellopos clavipes
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        • Aellopos tantalus
        • Aellopos titan
      • Amphion >
        • Amphion floridensis
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        • Cautethia grotei
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      • Eumorpha >
        • Eumorpha pandorus
        • Eumorpha achemon
        • Eumorpha fasciatus
        • Eumorpha satellitia
        • Eumorpha labruscae
        • Eumorpha intermedia
        • Eumorpha vitis
        • Eumorpha typhon
      • Hemaris >
        • Hemaris thysbe
        • Hemaris gracilis
        • Hemaris diffinis
      • Hyles >
        • Hyles gallii
        • Hyles euphorbiae
        • Hyles lineata
      • Pachylia >
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        • Proserpinus flavofasciata
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        • Pseudosphinx tetrio
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        • Sphecodina abbottii
      • Xylophanes >
        • Xylophanes falco
        • Xylophanes pluto
        • Xylophanes tersa
    • Smerinthinae >
      • Amorpha >
        • Amorpha juglandis
      • Pachysphinx >
        • Pachysphinx modesta
        • Pachysphinx occidentalis
      • Paonias >
        • Paonias excaecata
        • Paonias myops
        • Paonias astylus
      • Protambulyx >
        • Protambulyx strigilis
      • Smerinthus >
        • Smerinthus jamaicensis
        • Smerinthus cerisyi
    • Sphinginae >
      • Agrius >
        • Agrius cingulata
      • Ceratomia >
        • Ceratomia amyntor
        • Ceratomia hageni
        • Ceratomia undulosa
        • Ceratomia catalpae
      • Cocytius >
        • Cocytius antaeus
      • Dolba >
        • Dolba hyloeus
      • Isoparce >
        • Isoparce cupressi
      • Lapara >
        • Lapara coniferarum
        • Lapara bombycoides
      • Lintneria >
        • Lintneria eremitus
        • Lintneria istar
      • Manduca >
        • Manduca sexta
        • Manduca quinquemaculatus
        • Manduca occulta
        • Manduca rustica
        • Manduca jasminearum
      • Paratrea >
        • Paratrea plebeja
      • Sphinx >
        • Sphinx canadensis
        • Sphinx chersis
        • Sphinx dollii
        • Sphinx drupiferarum
        • Sphinx franckii
        • Sphinx gordius
        • Sphinx kalmiae
        • Sphinx luscitiosa
        • Sphinx poecila
  • Final Instar Larva Key
  • Hostplant Index
  • Parasitoids and Predators
  • Range
  • General Information
  • Sources and Acknowledgements
  • Other Resources
    • Sphingidae Publication Library
Without the help of many people, this website would have never been possible! On this page, you will find both the Photo Credits and the Sources. The Photo Credits section has a list of everyone who has contributed photographs to the site. The Sources section at the bottom of this page lists all the sources referenced throughout the site.

Acknowledgements:
Stephen Kloiber: The co-author of this website who helped tirelessly to get this site up and running and still helps tirelessly today. He helps rear many of the species depicted on this website.

Jon Mularczyk: A talented photographer who has helped us rear many, many species and has photographed just as many.

Jocelyn Dexter: A talented citizen-scientist who has helped in numerous behind the scenes ways and continues to help collect and organize data.

Dan Montagna: An incredible scientist and talented tech person who helped fix all of the assorted technological problems that were inevitably encountered and coding some of the features.
​
Last Page Edit: 1/30/2019
 

Photo credits

 

sources

Please find here a list of citations used throughout this website (on all the species pages, the hostplant index, everywhere!). If there is a number in parenthesis in the text of the site, it corresponds directly to a source here.

1: Personal Observations made by authors Teá Kesting-Handly and Stephen Kloiber
2: Tuttle, James P., and Margaret A. Rutledge. The Hawk Moths of North America: a Natural History Study of the Sphingidae of the United States and Canada. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, 2007.
3: Wagner, David L. Caterpillars of Eastern North America: a Guide to Identification and Natural History. Princeton University Press, 2005.
4: BugGuide: https://bugguide.net/node/view/15740
5: Bill Ohelke, “Sphingidae of the Americas”: http://www.silkmoths.bizland.com/Sphinx/usatable.htm
6: Lotts, Kelly and Thomas Naberhaus, coordinators. 2017. Butterflies and Moths of North America (BAMONA). http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/
7: Robinson, G. S., P. R. Ackery, I. J. Kitching, G. W. Beccaloni & L. M. Hernández, 2010. HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosts.
8: Schmidt, B. Christian (2018). Cryptic species among bumblebee mimics: an unrecognized Hemaris hawkmoth (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in eastern North America; Zootaxa 4399 (1): 032–048, 2018
Cite: 1502107
9: Schmidt, B. Christian (2009). Hemaris thetis (Boisduval, 1855) (Sphingidae) is a Distinct Species. Journal of the Lepidopterists Society 63(2), 2009, 100-109.
10: Hodges, Ronald W. The Moths of America North of Mexico. Including Greenland. Sphingoidea (Fascicle 21). E.W. Classey Limited and R.B.D. Publications Inc., 1971.
11: Sam Jaffe (The Caterpillar Lab) Observations, 2009; Massachusetts Lepidoptera “MassLep”, Google Group. https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/masslep/nZXX1J94Hxs/VrvqZYSPWHgJ
12: Rare, Declining, and Poorly Known Butterflies and Moths of Forests and Woodlands in the Eastern United States By Dale F. Schweitzer, Marc C. Minno, David L. Wagner. U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, FHTET-2011-01. , 2011. Cite: 613824
13: Brou Jr., Vernon A. 2011. Second Addendum to the Sphingidae of Louisiana. Southern Lepidopterists’ Society News. 33: 140-144​
14: Jean Haxaire - Personal Communication
15: Kitching, I.J. 2018. Sphingidae Taxonomic Inventory, http://sphingidae.myspecies.info/
16: Vernon A. Brou Jr. - Personal Communication

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Macroglossinae

Aellopos clavipes
Aellopos fadus
Aellopos tantalus
Aellopos titan
Amphion floridensis
Cautethia grotei
Darapsa choerilus
Darapsa myron
Darapsa versicolor
Deidemia inscriptum
Enyo lugubris
Erinnyis alope
Erinnyis ello
Erinnyis obscura
Eumorpha achemon
Eumorpha fasciatus
Eumorpha intermedia
Eumorpha labruscae
Eumorpha pandorus
Eumorpha satellitia
Eumorpha vitis
Eumorpha typhon​
Hemaris diffinis
Hemaris gracilis
Hemaris thysbe
Hyles euphorbiae
Hyles gallii
Hyles lineata
Pachylia ficus
Proserpinus flavofasciata
Proserpinus gaurae
Pseudosphinx tetrio
Sphecodina abbottii
Xylophanes falco
Xylophanes pluto
Xylophanes tersa

Smerinthinae

Protambulyx strigilis
Amorpha juglandis
Pachysphinx modesta
Pachysphinx occidentalis
Paonias astylus
Paonias excaecata
Paonias myops
Smerinthus cerisyi
Smerinthus jamaicensis

Sphinginae

Agrius cingulata
Ceratomia amyntor
Ceratomia catalpae
Ceratomia hageni
Ceratomia undulosa
Cocytius antaeus
Dolba hyloeus
Isoparce cupressi
Lapara bombycoides
Lapara coniferarum
Lintneria istar
Lintneria eremitus
Manduca jasminearum
Manduca occulta
Manduca quinquemaculatus
Manduca rustica
Manduca sexta
Paratrea plebeja
Sphinx canadensis
Sphinx chersis
Sphinx dollii
Sphinx drupiferarum
Sphinx frankii
Sphinx gordius
Sphinx kalmiae
Sphinx luscitiosa
Sphinx poecila 
Copyright © 2018
  • Home
  • Sphingidae Index
    • Macroglossinae >
      • Aellopos >
        • Aellopos clavipes
        • Aellopos fadus
        • Aellopos tantalus
        • Aellopos titan
      • Amphion >
        • Amphion floridensis
      • Cautethia >
        • Cautethia grotei
      • Darapsa >
        • Darapsa versicolor
        • Darapsa myron
        • Darapsa choerilus
      • Deidamia >
        • Deidamia inscriptum
      • Enyo >
        • Enyo lugubris
      • Erinnyis >
        • Erinnyis alope
        • Erinnyis obscura
        • Erinnyis ello
      • Eumorpha >
        • Eumorpha pandorus
        • Eumorpha achemon
        • Eumorpha fasciatus
        • Eumorpha satellitia
        • Eumorpha labruscae
        • Eumorpha intermedia
        • Eumorpha vitis
        • Eumorpha typhon
      • Hemaris >
        • Hemaris thysbe
        • Hemaris gracilis
        • Hemaris diffinis
      • Hyles >
        • Hyles gallii
        • Hyles euphorbiae
        • Hyles lineata
      • Pachylia >
        • Pachylia ficus
      • Proserpinus >
        • Proserpinus flavofasciata
        • Proserpinus gaurae
        • Proserpinus terlooii
      • Pseudosphinx >
        • Pseudosphinx tetrio
      • Sphecodina >
        • Sphecodina abbottii
      • Xylophanes >
        • Xylophanes falco
        • Xylophanes pluto
        • Xylophanes tersa
    • Smerinthinae >
      • Amorpha >
        • Amorpha juglandis
      • Pachysphinx >
        • Pachysphinx modesta
        • Pachysphinx occidentalis
      • Paonias >
        • Paonias excaecata
        • Paonias myops
        • Paonias astylus
      • Protambulyx >
        • Protambulyx strigilis
      • Smerinthus >
        • Smerinthus jamaicensis
        • Smerinthus cerisyi
    • Sphinginae >
      • Agrius >
        • Agrius cingulata
      • Ceratomia >
        • Ceratomia amyntor
        • Ceratomia hageni
        • Ceratomia undulosa
        • Ceratomia catalpae
      • Cocytius >
        • Cocytius antaeus
      • Dolba >
        • Dolba hyloeus
      • Isoparce >
        • Isoparce cupressi
      • Lapara >
        • Lapara coniferarum
        • Lapara bombycoides
      • Lintneria >
        • Lintneria eremitus
        • Lintneria istar
      • Manduca >
        • Manduca sexta
        • Manduca quinquemaculatus
        • Manduca occulta
        • Manduca rustica
        • Manduca jasminearum
      • Paratrea >
        • Paratrea plebeja
      • Sphinx >
        • Sphinx canadensis
        • Sphinx chersis
        • Sphinx dollii
        • Sphinx drupiferarum
        • Sphinx franckii
        • Sphinx gordius
        • Sphinx kalmiae
        • Sphinx luscitiosa
        • Sphinx poecila
  • Final Instar Larva Key
  • Hostplant Index
  • Parasitoids and Predators
  • Range
  • General Information
  • Sources and Acknowledgements
  • Other Resources
    • Sphingidae Publication Library