SPHINGIDAE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Final Instar larva key

Gulf Coast ecoregion

  • Home
  • Sphingidae Index
    • Macroglossinae >
      • Aellopos >
        • Aellopos clavipes
        • Aellopos fadus
        • Aellopos tantalus
        • Aellopos titan
      • Amphion >
        • Amphion floridensis
      • Callionima >
        • Callionima falcifera
        • Callionima parce
      • Cautethia >
        • Cautethia grotei
      • Darapsa >
        • Darapsa versicolor
        • Darapsa myron
        • Darapsa choerilus
      • Deidamia >
        • Deidamia inscriptum
      • Enyo >
        • Enyo lugubris
        • Enyo ocypete
      • Erinnyis >
        • Erinnyis alope
        • Erinnyis crameri
        • Erinnyis ello
        • Erinnyis guttularis
        • Erinnyis lassauxii
        • Erinnyis oenotrus
        • Erinnyis obscura
      • Eumorpha >
        • Eumorpha pandorus
        • Eumorpha achemon
        • Eumorpha fasciatus
        • Eumorpha satellitia
        • Eumorpha labruscae
        • Eumorpha intermedia
        • Eumorpha vitis
        • Eumorpha typhon
      • Eupyrrhoglossum >
        • Eupyrrhoglossum sagra
      • Hemaris >
        • Hemaris thysbe
        • Hemaris gracilis
        • Hemaris diffinis
        • Hemaris aethra
      • Hyles >
        • Hyles gallii
        • Hyles euphorbiae
        • Hyles lineata
      • Madoryx >
        • Madoryx pseudothyreus
      • Pachylioides >
        • Pachylioides resumens
      • Pachylia >
        • Pachylia ficus
      • Phryxus >
        • Phryxus caicus
      • Perigonia >
        • Perigonia lusca
      • Proserpinus >
        • Proserpinus flavofasciata
        • Proserpinus gaurae
        • Proserpinus lucidus
        • Proserpinus terlooii
      • Pseudosphinx >
        • Pseudosphinx tetrio
      • Sphecodina >
        • Sphecodina abbottii
      • Xylophanes >
        • Xylophanes falco
        • Xylophanes libya
        • Xylophanes pluto
        • Xylophanes porcus
        • Xylophanes tersa
    • Smerinthinae >
      • Amorpha >
        • Amorpha juglandis
      • Pachysphinx >
        • Pachysphinx modesta
        • Pachysphinx occidentalis
      • Paonias >
        • Paonias excaecata
        • Paonias myops
        • Paonias astylus
      • Protambulyx >
        • Protambulyx strigilis
      • Smerinthus >
        • Smerinthus jamaicensis
        • Smerinthus cerisyi
    • Sphinginae >
      • Agrius >
        • Agrius cingulata
      • Ceratomia >
        • Ceratomia amyntor
        • Ceratomia hageni
        • Ceratomia undulosa
        • Ceratomia catalpae
      • Cocytius >
        • Cocytius antaeus
        • Cocytius duponchel
      • Dolba >
        • Dolba hyloeus
      • Isoparce >
        • Isoparce cupressi
      • Lapara >
        • Lapara coniferarum
        • Lapara bombycoides
      • Lintneria >
        • Lintneria eremitus
        • Lintneria istar
        • Lintneria separatus
      • Manduca >
        • Manduca brontes cubensis
        • Manduca jasminearum
        • Manduca muscosa
        • Manduca occulta
        • Manduca florestan
        • Manduca quinquemaculatus
        • Manduca rustica
        • Manduca sexta
      • Neococytius >
        • Neococytius cluentius
      • Paratrea >
        • Paratrea plebeja
      • Sphinx >
        • Sphinx canadensis
        • Sphinx chersis
        • Sphinx dollii
        • Sphinx drupiferarum
        • Sphinx franckii
        • Sphinx kalmiae
        • Sphinx leucophaeata
        • Sphinx luscitiosa
        • Sphinx poecila
        • Sphinx gordius
        • Sphinx pinastri
  • Final Instar Larva Key
  • Hostplant Index
  • Parasitoids and Predators
  • Range
  • General Information
  • Sources and Acknowledgements
  • Other Resources
    • Sphingidae Publication Library
  • Store
  • Donations

1.
Larva has distinctive horn on last segment (Fig. 1a)

18
Larva lacks a distinctive horn on last segment (Fig. 1b)
2

2.
Larva has no horn (Fig. 2a)
3
Larva has a very small nub of a horn or has a greatly reduced horn (Fig. 2b)
13

3.
Larva is brown and a stick mimic. It resembles the larvae of Geometridae moths. Found only in mangrove habitat
Madoryx pseudothyreus
Larva not as above
4

4.
Larva is a very good grape bark mimic or has many green blotches on it resembling grapes; the anal horn is replaced by a very distinctive eyespot
Sphecodina abbottii
Larva not as above
5

5.
Larva has multiple sets of white lines running down the entire length (from head to anal plate) of the larva, with an orange marked head capsule and orange-tan legs; may be feeding on pine (Lapara spp.) (Fig. 3a)
6
Larva is quite large and round, the first few abdominal segments may be swollen. Larva may have white markings surrounding the spiracles on the middle abdominal segments (Eumorpha spp.) (Fig. 3b)
7

6.
The larva has solid black spiracles (Fig. 4a)
Lapara coniferarum
The larva has black spiracles with an orange center (Fig. 4b)
Lapara phaeobrachycerous

7.
Larva has two distinctive eyespots on the enlarged thoracic area; generally mottled brown and gray in color; larva resembles a snake
Eumorpha labruscae
Larva has various degrees of white streaking/eyespots on each abdominal segment, generally with multiple color morphs. Larva not as above.
8

8.
Larva is usually multicolored but can have a plain green form. The white streaking on each abdominal segment extends into the next segment; commonly found in wet areas where it’s hostplant Ludwigia grows (Fig. 5a)
Eumorpha fasciatus
Larva is generally pure green or red, the white markings do not extend into other abdominal segments; larva is otherwise not as above (Fig. 5b)
9

9.
Larva has at least 6 distinctive eyespots or white streaks, one on each abdominal segment, there are no obvious white dorsal lines (Fig. 6a)
10
Larva usually has less than 6 eyespots (it may have exactly 6 or rarely more than 6) or streaks, generally lighter toward the head of the larva, and becoming more distinct as you approach the anal horn (Fig. 6b)
11

10.
Larva has heavy black (or hollow black) speckling; a red, green, or brick red color; with white markings resembling conjoined eyespots on each abdominal segment 5-10 (Fig. 7a)
Eumorpha achemon
Larva has little to no black speckling; can come in a variety of colors including red, yellow, green, black, or brown; one large distinct eyespot on each abdominal segment 5-10 (Fig. 7b)
Eumorpha pandorus

11.
Larva is rather smooth looking with minimal black speckling
12
Larva has lots of black speckling; generally red in color; there is reduced white striping on the abdominal segments, with only the last few segments having a full white stripe
Eumorpha intermedia

12.
Larva appears very smooth, generally green or red with little or no black speckling
Eumorpha vitis
Larva is very smooth, generally red/green/brown in color, there is a white horizontal line above the spiracles on the side of the larva running the length of the larva, there is a thick black dorsal stripe
Eumorpha satellitia

13.
Larva has no visible abdominal streaking. Larva is pure green with 2 white stripes running down the length of the larva. The area in between the stripes is usually slightly bluish in color. The larva may be brown, in which case the white stripes will be absent. The head capsule has 2 small lines (Erinnyis spp.)
14
Larva has visible abdominal streaking or is otherwise not pure green or pure brown
15

14.
Larva is green or brown and has a hidden eyespot on the dorsum. The eyespot is quite colorful and will be revealed if the caterpillar feels threatened
Erinnyis ello
Larva is generally green (a brown form does exist), with small black spiracles, there is no eyespot on the dorsum. There are two small lines on the head
Erinnyis obscura

15.
Larva is variable and may be brown and white splotched resembling bark, green, or a blue-green color; there are 2 green dorsal stripes which are not visible in the brown/white form; prepupal larvae turn orange and turquoise; found near Ficus spp
Pachylia ficus
Larva not as above
16

16.
Larva generally green in color with reddish purple half-moon shapes surrounding the spiracles on each abdominal segment
Proserpinus gaurae
Larva not as above
17

17.
Larva is blue-green in color with red spiracles. There are 6 white stripes on the abdominal segments, the last leading to the reduced horn
Pachysphinx modesta
Larva is brown, with tan-brown sides. The legs are rimmed in white. Found in mangrove/coastal habitats
Phryxus caicus

18.
Larva is overall granulose in appearance, granules not restricted to only the dorsal region
19
Larva is not very granulose, or granules are restricted to only the dorsal region and overall smooth in appearance
25

19.
Larva has 4 projections resembling horns on the thoracic segments. Larva has small projections lining the entire dorsal ridge of the larva and a very granulose horn. Larva can be green or brown….
Ceratomia amyntor
Larva lacks the 4 projections on the thoracic segments and is otherwise not as above
20

20.
Larva has a very pointy triangular head capsule. Larva is green or can be a beautiful pink/yellow form. The thick granulated horn curves distinctly up and back. When the larva is disturbed, it will bite and hiss
Amorpha juglandis
Larva not as above
21

21.
Larva has a distinctive very thick white (sometimes yellow) abdominal stripe on it’s last few segments that leads to a long, nearly-straight, green (green-yellow), granulose horn. The larva may be green, or have purple, yellow, red, or white splotches on it, it has blue spiracles. Found primarily in Florida.
Protambulyx strigilis
Larva not as above
22

22.
Larva is light bright green or green-yellow and may have a green, red, or bicolored granulose horn (Fig. 8a)
23
Larva is darker green or blue-green and may have a blue, blue-green, or dark green granulose horn (Fig. 8b)
24

23.
Larva is lime green in color with various amounts of purple or red splotching. The horn is yellow and red and distinctly bicolored. Found generally in areas with lots of Vaccinium spp
Paonias astylus
Larva is bright green with various amounts of red splotching. The horn color is green or red and quite granulose. The overall appearance of the larva is stout
Paonias myops

24.
Larva is green-blue in color and highly variable with red and purple markings. Some forms may be totally green. It can also be without those markings. The horn is granulose and bluish, or green in color. The overall appearance of the larva is elongate
Paonias excaecata
Larva has 2 parallel white streaks that stop shortly after the first spiracle or that usually do not connect with the last abdominal streak. There are white streaks running diagonally along the side of the larva, the last leading to a distinctive blue horn. Associated with Populus spp.
Smerinthus jamaicensis

25.
Larva has a distinctly granulose horn (Fig. 9a)
26
Larva not as above (Fig. 9b)
35

26.
Larva has a red or yellow granulose collar behind the head (Hemaris spp.) (Fig. 10a)

27
Larva does not have a granulated collar behind the head
29

27.
Larva has a yellow granulose collar
28
Larva has a red collar behind the head, found in areas with significant amounts of Vaccinium; larva has a distinct red horn
Hemaris gracilis

28.
Larva has a distinctly bicolored yellow and black horn with black spiracles
Hemaris diffinis
Larva has a blue horn
Hemaris thysbe

29.
Larva has a blue or green granulose horn
30
Larva has another colored granulose horn
33

30.
Larva has a blue granulose horn
31
Larva has a green granulose horn
32

31.
Larva has a distinctly blue horn with black granules, there are yellow and black abdominal streaks
Sphinx kalmiae
Larva is teal in color with a brighter green dorsal area. There are 7 thick white stripes that end at the top of the orange spiracles
Manduca brontes cubensis

32.
Larva has thick purple lines bordering the white streaks on the abdominal segments, the horn is very large and green in color with small black granules on it
Manduca rustica
Larva is covered in white granules and is a very light green in color. The green horn is granulose and short with a distinctive red tip
Manduca jasminearum

33.
Larva has 7 white abdominal stripes
34
Larva has a large purple horn. A distinctive white streak runs from the base of the horn through the last 3 abdominal segments of the larva. Restricted to South Florida
Cocytius antaeus

34.
Larva has some thin purple lines or splotching bordering the white streaks on the abdomen. The horn is white with black granules
Ceratomia hageni
Larva is green with a thick red or black horn. There are 7 white abdominal streaks that may be bordered by a red or purple stripe. The larva can also be brown with a black horn. Breeding in Southern Florida
Eupyrrhoglossum sagra

35.
Larva has an enlarged/swollen first few abdominal segments (Fig. 11a)
36
Larva not as above (Fig. 11b)
41

36.
Larva is mottled brown with a fake eyespot hidden on the first few abdominal segments. There is a short but thick white horn.

Erinnyis alope
Larva not as above
37

37.
Larva has one or more distinct pairs of thoracic eyespots, usually with an enlarged thoracic region (Xylophanes spp.) (Fig. 12a)
40
Larva is green or brown with white shading or lines on the side of the body (Darapsa spp.) (Fig. 12b)
38

38.
Larva has a bluish horn
39
Larva has an orange horn
Darapsa versicolor

39.
Larva has a blue horn, and has red-orange patterning on the dorsal surface
Darapsa myron
Larva has a blue horn, and no red-orange patterning on the dorsal surface
Darapsa choerilus

40.
Larva has only one distinct pair of eyespots on the thoracic segments and none on the rest of the body. Larva may be green or brown with a horn that usually matches the ground color of the larva
Xylophanes pluto
Larva has one large pair of eyespots on the enlarged thoracic area, and then several smaller eyespots running down the first few abdominal segments. Larva is green or brown to almost black often with a black horn
Xylophanes tersa

41.
Larva has a raised area on the first few abdominal segments, or it may have small projections running the entire length of the dorsal region (Fig. 13a)

42
Larva not as above
43

42.
Larva is predominantly black, has a large black oval shape outlined by cream on the dorsal portion of the thoracic segments, usually right behind a raised area. Common in gardens
Lintneria eremitus
Larva is blue-green with a blue-green horn. There are two dorsal spiny ridges that follow blue lines. The larva itself is rather plain, with 7 light blue/white abdominal streaks with the last leading to the horn. The spiracles are an orange color. The head capsule has two green lines
Sphinx franckii

43.
Larva has a green horn
44
Larva does not have a green horn
47

44.
Larva is overall green in appearance and extremely variable. There may be assorted black/purple/green splotching. There is often some dorsal patterning. The head capsule has two parallel lines on the outer edge, and the inner portion has an additional set of parallel lines in a funnel shape
Enyo lugubris
Larva not as above, the head capsule is unmarked (Aellopos spp)
45

45.
Larva is dark green with 7 large distinctive abdominal white bands. The dorsal surface may be primarily white. The last abdominal white streak is quite thick and leads up to the dark horn. Found primarily in South Florida
Aellopos tantaulus
Larva lacks lots of distinctive white on it, may be lighter green in color
46

46.
Larva green and may have a blue tint. There are 7 diagonal abdominal streaks which may be entirely reduced except the first and last. The lines may be bordered in black. The last abdominal streak is quite thick and white in color and leads to the horn
Aellopos titan
Larva may be green or red with 7 white and black diagonal abdominal streaks. The white and black streaking may be reduced. There are cream colored speckles on the larva, giving it a rough appearance, but it is not granulose. There are red spiracles and the last abdominal streak extends to the horn. Likely only breeding in Southern Florida and perhaps Southern Texas
Aellopos fadus

47.
Larva has a black (or blue-black) horn (Fig. 14a)
48
Larva doesn't have a black horn
53

48.
Larva is highly variable. Ranging from green to brown to pink or orange. The spiracles are very distinctive and outlined in black. The horn is usually black in color but may sometimes have a secondary color underneath. The head capsule is distinctive with two black lines running the length of each lobe
Agrius cingulata
Larva not as above
49

49.
Larva has a long, thin, spindly horn (Fig. 15a)
50
Larva has a more typical sphingiform horn, thicker and may be curved
51

50.
Larva has a jet black headcapsule, a long thin spindly black horn. The larva itself is light yellow/cream colored with various amounts of black patterning. Found near Catalpa trees
Ceratomia catalpae
Larva is quite large, black and orange/yellow banded with an orange head capsule and a long spindly black horn. The anal plate, thoracic segment behind head, and legs are all orange with black stippling. Found primarily in Florida where the hostplant Plumeria grows
Pseudosphinx tetrio

51.
Larva is overall brown in color with various amounts of black streaking on the sides. The dorsum is generally darker than the sides. The head capsule is brown with two cream streaks on the side and the middle between the streaks is darker than the rest of the head capsule
Amphion floridensis
Larva not as above
52

52.
Larva is green or brown in color. Very boldly marked with orange streaking above the orange spiracles on the abdominal segments and large white splotches below. The entire larva is speckled in white and there is a white line on the anal plate. The horn is usually black. Found in areas with lots of Taxodium
Isoparce cupressi
Larva is green, black, or brown in color. There are 7 distinct chevron shapes usually in white or cream on the abdominal segments surrounding the black spiracles. The horn is black in color. There may be various amounts of white speckling on the larva
Manduca quinquemaculatus

53.
Larva has clearly defined abdominal streaking with either 6 or 7 stripes, usually white with a secondary color (Fig. 16a)
54
Larva lacks clearly defined abdominal streaking, or may just be boldly patterned (Fig. 16b)
59

54.
Larva has only 6 pairs of abdominal stripes, usually thin purple and white with a blue horn
Dolba hyloeus
Larva has 7 pairs of abdominal stripes
55

55.
Larva has a blue horn
56
Larva has a red or pink horn
57

56.
Larva has blue/green and yellow abdominal streaking above red spiracles; there is usually white/yellow speckling on the thoracic segments
Paratrea plebeja
Larva has white and blue abdominal streaking, there is a distinctly darker green on the dorsal side of the larva, especially behind the streaking. The larva has red spiracles and two white lines on the head capsule
Sphinx chersis

57.
Larva has a pinkish horn and is overall green in color but is highly variable and may be entirely pink or orange. It may have lots of pink or yellow streaking, but usually has white abdominal streaking on it. The anal plate has black speckling
Ceratomia undulosa
Not as above, horn is distinctly red
58

58.
Larva is green or blue-green with 7 white abdominal stripes with thin black lines above them. The spiracles are black and fall directly underneath the white streaking. There is often some bluish coloration around the base of the horn on the last abdominal segment
Manduca sexta
Larva is green with a distinctly blue head capsule. There are 7 white/cream faint abdominal stripes. There are a pair of white dorsal stripes running the length of the larva. The last abdominal stripe is thicker and ends at the base of the red anal horn. Primarily in Southern Florida
Perigonia lusca

59.
Larva lacks abdominal stripes near the spiracles. Larva has a white line that extends horizontally from the anal plate through the last few abdominal segments. There are red spiracles. The larva may have blotching. Found only in Florida
Cautethia grotei
Larva not as above
60

60.
Larva is highly variable, ground color can be green, brown, bluish, or black. There are usually several horizontal lines running the length of the larva. Usually a dorsal line, and then two on either side. The larva itself usually has distinctive splotching along the side lines. The horn color is yellow or orange with some black on the tip. The head capsule is either green or yellow/orange
Hyles lineata
Larva has a yellow horn with distinctive yellow patterning on the sides, the spiracles are black. The ground color of the larva is green, lighter on the side below the yellow and darker on the dorsal surface. The thoracic legs are yellow
Deidamia inscriptum

​Figure Photo Credits:
1a: Teá Kesting-Handly
1b: Teá Kesting-Handly, Ashley Bosarge
2a: Teá Kesting-Handly
2b: Stephen Cresswell
3a: Teá Kesting-Handly
3b: Ashley Bosarge, Sam Jaffe, Jeff Hollenbeck, Teá Kesting-Handly
4a: Teá Kesting-Handly
4b: Ashley Bosarge
5a: Ashley Bosarge
5b: Teá Kesting-Handly, Sam Jaffe
6a: Teá Kesting-Handly
6b: Sam Jaffe
7a: Teá Kesting-Handly
7b: Teá Kesting-Handly
8a: Ashley Bosarge, Jon Mularczyk, Teá Kesting-Handly
8b: Tom Murray, Bill Lucas
9a: Ashley Bosarge, Jacob Gorneau
9b: Jon Mularczyk
10a: Teá Kesting-Handly, Ashley Bosarge
11a: Teá Kesting-Handly, Ashley Bosarge
11b: Ashley Bosarge
12a: Ashley Bosarge
12b: Teá Kesting-Handly
13a: Marcie O'Connor
14a: Teá Kesting-Handly, Ashley Bosarge
15a: Teá Kesting-Handly
16a: Ashley Bosarge, Jon Mularczyk
16b: Eric Eaton, Teá Kesting-Handly

Key Created with DKey
Tofilski A (2018) DKey software for editing and browsing dichotomous keys. ZooKeys 735: 131-140. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.735.21412

Home

About

Contact

Like us on Facebook!

×

Macroglossinae

Aellopos clavipes
Aellopos fadus
Aellopos tantalus
Aellopos titan
Amphion floridensis
Cautethia grotei
Callionima falcifera
Callionima parce
Darapsa choerilus
Darapsa myron
Darapsa versicolor
Deidemia inscriptum
Enyo lugubris
Enyo ocypete
Erinnyis alope
Erinnyis crameri
Erinnyis ello
Erinnyis guttularis
Erinnyis lassauxii
Erinnyis oenotrus
Erinnyis obscura
Eumorpha achemon
Eumorpha fasciatus
Eumorpha intermedia
Eumorpha labruscae
Eumorpha pandorus
Eumorpha satellitia
Eumorpha vitis
Eumorpha typhon
Eupyrrhoglossum sagra​
Hemaris diffinis
Hemaris gracilis
Hemaris thysbe
Hyles euphorbiae
Hyles gallii
Hyles lineata
Madoryx pseudothyreus
Pachylioides resumens
Pachylia ficus
Perigonia lusca
Phryxus caicus
Proserpinus flavofasciata
Proserpinus gaurae
Proserpinus lucidus
Pseudosphinx tetrio
Sphecodina abbottii
Xylophanes falco
Xylophanes pluto
Xylophanes libya
Xylophanes porcus
Xylophanes tersa

Smerinthinae

Protambulyx strigilis
Amorpha juglandis
Pachysphinx modesta
Pachysphinx occidentalis
Paonias astylus
Paonias excaecata
Paonias myops
Smerinthus cerisyi
Smerinthus jamaicensis

Sphinginae

Agrius cingulata
Ceratomia amyntor
Ceratomia catalpae
Ceratomia hageni
Ceratomia undulosa
Cocytius antaeus
Cocytius duponchel
Dolba hyloeus
Isoparce cupressi
Lapara bombycoides
Lapara coniferarum
Lintneria istar
Lintneria separatus
Lintneria eremitus
Manduca jasminearum
Manduca occulta
Manduca brontes cubensis
Manduca florestan
Manduca muscosa
Manduca quinquemaculatus
Manduca rustica
Manduca sexta
Neococytius cluentius
Paratrea plebeja
Sphinx canadensis
Sphinx chersis
Sphinx dollii
Sphinx drupiferarum
Sphinx frankii
Sphinx gordius
Sphinx kalmiae
Sphinx leucophaeata
Sphinx luscitiosa
Sphinx pinastri
Sphinx poecila 
Copyright © 2023
  • Home
  • Sphingidae Index
    • Macroglossinae >
      • Aellopos >
        • Aellopos clavipes
        • Aellopos fadus
        • Aellopos tantalus
        • Aellopos titan
      • Amphion >
        • Amphion floridensis
      • Callionima >
        • Callionima falcifera
        • Callionima parce
      • Cautethia >
        • Cautethia grotei
      • Darapsa >
        • Darapsa versicolor
        • Darapsa myron
        • Darapsa choerilus
      • Deidamia >
        • Deidamia inscriptum
      • Enyo >
        • Enyo lugubris
        • Enyo ocypete
      • Erinnyis >
        • Erinnyis alope
        • Erinnyis crameri
        • Erinnyis ello
        • Erinnyis guttularis
        • Erinnyis lassauxii
        • Erinnyis oenotrus
        • Erinnyis obscura
      • Eumorpha >
        • Eumorpha pandorus
        • Eumorpha achemon
        • Eumorpha fasciatus
        • Eumorpha satellitia
        • Eumorpha labruscae
        • Eumorpha intermedia
        • Eumorpha vitis
        • Eumorpha typhon
      • Eupyrrhoglossum >
        • Eupyrrhoglossum sagra
      • Hemaris >
        • Hemaris thysbe
        • Hemaris gracilis
        • Hemaris diffinis
        • Hemaris aethra
      • Hyles >
        • Hyles gallii
        • Hyles euphorbiae
        • Hyles lineata
      • Madoryx >
        • Madoryx pseudothyreus
      • Pachylioides >
        • Pachylioides resumens
      • Pachylia >
        • Pachylia ficus
      • Phryxus >
        • Phryxus caicus
      • Perigonia >
        • Perigonia lusca
      • Proserpinus >
        • Proserpinus flavofasciata
        • Proserpinus gaurae
        • Proserpinus lucidus
        • Proserpinus terlooii
      • Pseudosphinx >
        • Pseudosphinx tetrio
      • Sphecodina >
        • Sphecodina abbottii
      • Xylophanes >
        • Xylophanes falco
        • Xylophanes libya
        • Xylophanes pluto
        • Xylophanes porcus
        • Xylophanes tersa
    • Smerinthinae >
      • Amorpha >
        • Amorpha juglandis
      • Pachysphinx >
        • Pachysphinx modesta
        • Pachysphinx occidentalis
      • Paonias >
        • Paonias excaecata
        • Paonias myops
        • Paonias astylus
      • Protambulyx >
        • Protambulyx strigilis
      • Smerinthus >
        • Smerinthus jamaicensis
        • Smerinthus cerisyi
    • Sphinginae >
      • Agrius >
        • Agrius cingulata
      • Ceratomia >
        • Ceratomia amyntor
        • Ceratomia hageni
        • Ceratomia undulosa
        • Ceratomia catalpae
      • Cocytius >
        • Cocytius antaeus
        • Cocytius duponchel
      • Dolba >
        • Dolba hyloeus
      • Isoparce >
        • Isoparce cupressi
      • Lapara >
        • Lapara coniferarum
        • Lapara bombycoides
      • Lintneria >
        • Lintneria eremitus
        • Lintneria istar
        • Lintneria separatus
      • Manduca >
        • Manduca brontes cubensis
        • Manduca jasminearum
        • Manduca muscosa
        • Manduca occulta
        • Manduca florestan
        • Manduca quinquemaculatus
        • Manduca rustica
        • Manduca sexta
      • Neococytius >
        • Neococytius cluentius
      • Paratrea >
        • Paratrea plebeja
      • Sphinx >
        • Sphinx canadensis
        • Sphinx chersis
        • Sphinx dollii
        • Sphinx drupiferarum
        • Sphinx franckii
        • Sphinx kalmiae
        • Sphinx leucophaeata
        • Sphinx luscitiosa
        • Sphinx poecila
        • Sphinx gordius
        • Sphinx pinastri
  • Final Instar Larva Key
  • Hostplant Index
  • Parasitoids and Predators
  • Range
  • General Information
  • Sources and Acknowledgements
  • Other Resources
    • Sphingidae Publication Library
  • Store
  • Donations